CXCL8 and acute liver failure: Notably, studies have reported that CXCL8 levels are elevated in the serum of patients with ACLF or acute liver failure; in fact, the levels of CXCL8 significantly correlate with the serum levels of total bilirubin, and are significantly associated with high MELD scores and short-term mortality (Khanam et al., 2013; Bonkovsky et al., 2018; Trebicka et al., 2019).