Despite encouraging evidence for other tumors, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC; see below), the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-CTLA4 (ipilimumab and tremelimumab) and anti-PD1 (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) antibodies, has shown poor efficacy in PDAC as monotherapy. Here, CTLA4 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.