AQP4 and encephalitis: Moreover, current findings indicated that 4%-7.5% of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis develop concurrent immune responses that may target not only glial antigens (The most frequent and clinically relevant glial antibodies are MOG and AQP4) but also neuronal surface antigens or receptors, and compared with patients with isolated anti-NMDAR antibody, those with coexisting glial antibodies were more likely to have a lower number of typical symptoms of anti-NMDAR encephalitis, and more frequent CSF pleocytosis, which is in accordance with the disease characteristics of our patient (33).