VEGFA and neoplasm: These approaches have been reviewed in great detail and include inhibiting the recruitment of macrophages to tumors by blocking the CCL2–CCR2 or CCR5–CCL5 axes, depleting TAMs by blocking CSF-1 or CSF-1R; blocking macrophage “checkpoint inhibitors” such as CD47/SIRP1α, PD-1/PD-L1, MHCI/LILRB1, and CD24/Siglec-10; and suppressing macrophages' pro-tumor activity (inhibition of TGF-β or VEGF) (36, 180–184).