In this paper, we summarized the mechanism of S. glabra against thrombocytopenia, and found that total flavonoids of S. glabra could promote megakaryocytes proliferation through regulating the content of cytokines promoted megakaryocyte differentiation including TPO, SDF-1, TGF-β1 along with VCAM-1 and promoting the expression of SDF-1 and TPO in bone marrow microenvironment as well as their corresponding receptors CXCR-4 and C-mpl in megakaryocytes. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and Thrombocytopenia.