TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: We found that the active compounds of Cornus officinalis (loganin, ursolic acid, and morroniside) and Paeonia lactiflora (paeoniflorin and albiflorin) included in this study share eight common target genes with RA, namely IL1β, VEGFA, STAT3, TP53, IL6, TNF, FOS, and LGALS3.