Furthermore, these systems may decline with aging17–19 and have been implicated in PD: α-synuclein forms stable aggregates within cells20 and genetic risk factors for PD and genes responsible for familial forms are linked to the autophagy-lysosomal pathway21, whose impairment leads to the accumulation of dysfunctional organelles, such as mitochondria, and oxidative stress22,23. This evidence concerns the gene SNCA and Parkinson disease.