TNF and brain neoplasm: When we evaluated the percentages of IFN-γ-, TNF-α-, and IL-2-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells within GBM tumours, we noticed that CXCR3 blockade in the EMP3_KO group reduced CD8+ and CD4+ T cell infiltration into the brain tumour, blood, and spleen (Fig. 5g-j, Supplementary Fig. 5A-G).