Reduced concentrations of alveolar inflammatory cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) have been observed in animal models for bacterial and viral respiratory infections and sepsis after treatment with exogenous SP-D, and in animals expressing SP-D versus their Sftpd−/− counterparts (lacking SP-D) [68, 81, 93–97]. Here, SFTPD is linked to Sepsis.