LTF and Infertility: Neonatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) can cause permanent alterations in female reproductive tract gene expression, infertility, and uterine cancer in mice, after DES treatment, three histone modifications associated with active transcription, including Histone H4 lysine 5 acetylation (H4K5ac), which were found to enriched at specific lactoferrin (Ltf) promoter regions in uterine [28].