SDC1 and malaria: Interestingly however, this difference occurred only in those with non-severe disease (168 [IQR 115–242] ng/ml in males vs. 110 [82–154] ng/ml in females, p < 0.001); in patients with severe knowlesi malaria, median plasma syndecan-1 was as high in females (281 [IQR 234–610] ng/ml) as it was in males (286 [IQR 192–541] ng/ml).