TWIST1 and cancer: NF-κB-signaling activation can promote tumor progression by chronically stimulating cancer cell proliferation, inhibiting cell death, and promoting the accumulation of mutations; it can up-regulate the expression of transcription factors, such as TWIST1 and SNAIL, to promote EMT [34] and induce the expression of uPAR, cell-adhesion molecules, and MMPs, which help cancer cells escape from the circulation [35].