IRS1 and Hyperglycemia: The CKIP-1-deficient MAFLD model exhibits more severe fatty liver through an increase in phosphorylated JNK1, which further inhibits insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) serine phosphorylation and IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation, ultimately aggravating insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, apoptosis and MAFLD [41].