GPC3 and cancer: Cancer vaccines based on TAAs, such as prostatic acid phosphatase, NY-ESO-1 (cancer/testis antigen), MAGE-A3, and glypican 3, were shown to be immunogenic and induced clinical responses in a subset of patients (Atanackovic et al., 2008; Cheever and Higano, 2011; Vansteenkiste et al., 2016).