AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: The serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (43), alpha-fetoprotein-L3 (AFP-L3) (44) and Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) (45) are the most commonly used non-invasive circulating biomarkers for HCC diagnosis in clinical practice, but limited evidence supports their contribution to HCC early detection or improvement in HCC outcomes (46).