Importantly, intranasal oxytocin treatments are not associated with any adverse side effects and clinical trials involving chronic treatments lasting up to 3 months in both autism and schizophrenia patients have not reported any significant side effects other than increased urination in young children (MacDonald et al., 2011; Modabbernia et al., 2013; Yatawara et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene OXT and schizophrenia.