TNF and asthma: The MSC-pANGPT1 (angiopoietin 1 gene) were aerosolized in a rabbit OVA-induced asthma and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (IL-4, TNF, TGF-β, and MMP-9), which can be an additional beneficial effect in asthma treatment (Halim et al., 2019).