TNF and migraine disorder: Interestingly, a recent genome-wide association study found a positive and highly significant genetic correlation (p = 2.30 × 10−25) between endometriosis and migraine and suggested a role for genes involved in interleukin-1 receptor binding, focal adhesion-PI3K-Akt-mTOR-signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signaling in the association between these two traits (Adewuyi et al., 2020).