Tyrosine sulfation of leukocyte adhesion molecules, chemokines and chemokine receptors has been implicated in promoting atherosclerosis by enhanced recruitment of mononuclear cells88,89 and is captured in the network model as a protein–protein interaction between TPST1 (tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase-1) and the chemokine receptor CCR2. This evidence concerns the gene TPST1 and atherosclerosis.