NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia: When considering treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), response to induction therapy and specific cytogenetic abnormalities such as t(8;21), inv(16), NPM, CEBPα, FLT3/ITD+, monosomy 7, monosomy 5, and del5q are the mainstays used to determine risk-directed therapy.