Although the initiating mechanisms for cellular innate inflammatory responses during Cryptosporidium infection are still poorly understood, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (especially TLR2 and TLR4) and the propagation of signaling cascades induced by these TLRs have been reported as important innate elements against Cryptosporidium infection [43, 44]. The gene discussed is TLR2; the disease is cryptosporidiosis.