Warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist and may give vitamin K deficiency causing vascular calcification through inhibition of calcification inhibitors, including gamma-carboxyglutamic acid, Gla protein, fetuin and OPN.44,45 CCA IMT had significant correlations in our study with traditional factors such as age, smoking, blood pressure and lipid (TG, LDL) levels in controls, SLE patients and subgroups. The gene discussed is SPP1; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.