ALK and lung cancer: Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer worldwide, and in Brazil.1,2 In the past decade, targeted therapies have revolutionized the clinical management of lung cancer, particularly in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subtype.3-8 The most successful examples of targeted therapies are the EGFR and ALK inhibitors, used for EGFR-mutated and ALK-translocated tumors, respectively.9,10