CALR and neoplasm: ICD is induced by certain chemotherapeutics or radiotherapy and increases the processing of apoptotic tumor cells by dendritic cells (DCs), enhances their immunogenicity, and elicits an efficient antitumor immune response and immunological memory (Galluzzi et al,2020) The mechanism of ICD involves the apoptosis of tumor cells, preceded by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, with concomitant induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the release of HMGB1, ATP, and calreticulin (Kroemer et al,2012).