TNF and glaucoma: Along with morphologic changes derived from biomechanic causes, neuronal insult in glaucoma may be initiated or aggravated by the absence of the critical glial support, such as in astroglial metabolic substrate transfers (e.g., lactate), neurotrophin secretion, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) production, combined with a detrimental production of TNF-α [178, 182].