HMOX1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: This study showed that sub-chronic exposure to dust led to induction of NAFLD in rats through increasing the production of liver MDA, decreasing liver total anti-oxidant capacity, disruption of lipid profiles and liver enzymes, increasing the level of anti and pro-inflammatory cytokines (HO1, IL-6, and TNFα), changing the levels of nuclear transcription factors (NF-κβ and Nrf2), and elevating the serum levels of miRNAs (miR-122 and 34a).