Additionally, co-culture of CD8+ T cells extracted from HCC patients in vitro with Treg cells showed that Treg cells treated with anti-PD1 and anti-PD-L1 resulted in restoration of IFN-γ secretion compared to control Treg cells, which inhibited IFN-γ secretion and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells (141). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.