Since type I IFNs are potent antiangiogenic cytokines known to promote endothelial death and inhibit endothelial migration (76, 98–101), it is conceivable that EBV infection through the activation of the TLR9 innate immune inflammation and type I IFN contributes to the endothelial cell loss and vasculopathy in SSc. The gene discussed is TLR9; the disease is systemic sclerosis.