Among the 952 DEGs, hexokinase 3 (hk3), fructose-2,6-biphosphatase3 (pfkfb3) and inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (inos2) were significantly up-regulated, while glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (gpd1) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase1 (pck1) were significantly down-regulated, suggesting increased glycolysis in response to S.pn infection during AOM (Figure 1A). Here, GPD1 is linked to infectious otitis media.