Interestingly, Burguillos et al. reported that microglia-secreted galectin-3 acted as an endogenous ligand for Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) activation and deteriorated typical TLR4-dependent inflammatory response after cerebral ischemia (Burguillos et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and Cerebral ischemia.