The pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of viral infection are recognized by two innate immune receptors (PRRs), including TLR3 and retinoic acid-inducible gene-like-I- (RIG-I-) like receptors (RLRs), which sense viral RNA to induce type I IFN (IFN-α and IFN-β), as a major antiviral and immunomodulatory mediator, promoting macrophage, NK cell, B cell, and T cell activities [104]. Here, IFNB1 is linked to viral infectious disease.