APOA1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Interestingly, an idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) animal model study showed that intranasal treatment with APOA1 protein reduced the bleomycin-induced increase in the number of inflammatory cells and collagen deposition in sham-treated mice in a dose-dependent manner, demonstrating anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of APOA1 protein on experimental lung injury and fibrosis32.