Finaly, the results of double-immunostained labeling of KIF5B and GAP-43 protein expression in the rat gastrocnemius muscle showed that compared with the C group, diabetes caused a decreased of KIF5B+ Cells (% GAP-43+) in the gastrocnemius skeletal muscle fibers (p ≤ 0.001). The gene discussed is GAP43; the disease is diabetes mellitus.