Three-week-old Tyr::CreERT2/+;BrafV600E/+;Pten−/−;Ambra1+/+ (BPA+/+), Tyr::CreERT2/+;BrafV600E/+;Pten−/−;Ambra1+/− (BPA+/−) and Tyr::CreERT2/+;BrafV600E/+;Pten−/−;Ambra1−/− (BPA−/−) mice were locally treated with 4-OHT on the skin of the lower back to initiate melanoma (Supplementary Figs. 1a and 2a). Here, PTEN is linked to melanoma.