As a pleiotropic cytokine, IFN-γ is conventionally known to elicit potent anti-tumor immunity by modulating adaptive immune responses including, but not limited to, the upregulation of MHC class I (major histocompatibility complex class I), the polarization of Th1 immune responses, activation of CTL, and regulation of Treg cells59,60. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is neoplasm.