In regards to the expression of bone remodeling and osteoclastogenesis markers, RANKL mRNA levels were reduced while OPG was slightly increased, and thus the ratio RANKL/OPG was markedly diminished in patients with SM-osteopenia/osteoporosis compared to patients without osteopenia/osteoporosis (Supplementary Fig. 8a). Here, TNFSF11 is linked to Osteopenia.