We also extracted mRNA from cells in BM aspirates of patients with or without osteopenia/osteoporosis (described in Group 3 of Supplementary Table 1) and found that the expression levels of RUNX2 were reduced in those with osteopenia/osteoporosis (Fig. 8b), consistent with reduced osteoblast differentiation in association with bone disease. Here, RUNX2 is linked to osteoporosis.