Direct viral cytopathic effects of HIV as well as indirect effects including host innate immune response to viral DNA produced during abortive infection and endotoxin/microbial translocation from leaky guts, persistent immune activation, immune dysregulation and CD4 T cell homeostasis failure are keys to the pathogenesis of HIV that leads to CD4 T cell depletion and immune compromise in HIV [25–27]. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and infection.