Prevalence of CNF and PNF was significantly higher in the NF1 whole gene deletion group (CNF: 37/38 patients; PNF: 36/38 patients) than in the control group (CNF: 27/38 patients; PNF: 28/38 patients)(both p < 0.0001). The gene discussed is NF1; the disease is congenital nephrotic syndrome, Finnish type.