HK2 localization to mitochondrial surface is further promoted through the ubiquitination of the Lys-63 residue by HECTH9 E3 ligase, which elicits HK2 binding to VDAC on the OMM and the consequent expansion, metabolic rewiring and chemoresistance of cancer stem cells in a prostate cancer model [58]. Here, HK2 is linked to cancer.