BCL2 and neoplasm: These seemingly counterintuitive effects of RRx-001 have been attributed to induction of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) in normal tissues, which is cytoprotective, while simultaneously inducing cytotoxicity in the tumor environment through downregulation of the anti-apoptotic Bcl2, downstream of Nrf2, as well as through CD47 antagonism, tumor associated macrophage (TAM) polarization, and vascular normalization [4].