TGFB1 and neoplasm: PFKFB3, a potent activator of the rate limiting enzyme in glycolysis, PFK-1, that catalyzes the irreversible conversion of fructose-6-phosphate into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is reported to be an effector protein mediating TGFβ1-induced EMT in tumor cells [36] and its expression increases during tumorigenesis [37].