Adipose tissue hyperplasia during obesity induces the secretion of adipocytokines such as leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-10, TNF-α, monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, which are responsible for obesity-related inflammation [98]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.