NPPA and cardiac hypertrophy: Both miR-30a and miR-34a are downregulated in cardiomyocytes in a rat model of cardiac hypertrophy, upregulating their autophagy-related target genes, resulting in enhanced autophagy and hypertrophy-related genes such as the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and the β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) [131,132].