VEGFA and hepatocellular carcinoma: Alternations in other pathways involving angiogenesis (VEGF signaling), cell death (apoptosis signaling), immune mediated destruction (T cell activity), sustained proliferative signaling (insulin-like growth factor, Ras and platelet-derived growth factor), tumor promoting inflammation (chemokine and cytokine signaling), as well as invasion and metastasis (integrin signaling), all of which are down-regulated by SCFAs, are hallmarks of cancer that may underlie the delay in the multiple steps that ultimately result in the development of HCC.