However, factors associated with inflammatory diseases like T2D, including high glucose (HG), elevated levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and free fatty acids (e.g., palmitic acid [PA] and oxidized lipids), markedly enhance production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and inhibit production of protective factors, leading to chronic inflammation. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and type 2 diabetes mellitus.