Additionally, increased apoptosis was found in the miR-188-5p overexpressed MM cells as evidenced by elevated cleaved-caspase-3 and 9, reduced pro-survival protein Bcl-2 and enhanced pro-apoptotic protein Bax, indicating an activation of endogenous apoptosis pathways [27] in the MM cells. Here, CASP3 is linked to Miyoshi myopathy.