Many intracellular pathogens, such as Legionella pneumophila and Burkholderia pseudomallei, secrete S1P lyases as virulence factors facilitating intracellular survival (Rolando et al,2016; McLean et al,2017), supporting the importance of S1P sensing by NOD1/2 during intracellular infection. The gene discussed is NOD1; the disease is infection.