Disruptions of Hop2 and MND1 gene expression are essential for DMC1 defects in homologous recombination34, whereas RAD51 loss is a functioning biomarker of the DNA damage in response to an unfavorable prognostic impact in non-small cell lung carcinoma cases undergoing curative surgical resection35. The gene discussed is MND1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.