For example, oesophageal cancer showed a strong mutational enrichment in the constitutively bound CTCF sites with the core motif present (FDR = 7.3 × 10− 43, FC = 1.70), while the signal was clearly attenuated in the constitutively-bound sites with no core motif (FDR = 0.0026, FC = 1.14) (Fig. 4f). Here, CTCF is linked to carcinoma of esophagus.