Assembly of canonical inflammasome is initiated by sensing exogenous pathogens and endogenous damage, including bacterial infection, cytosolic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), crystals and toxins, by a range of intracellular sensor proteins, including NOD-like receptors (NLRP1b, NLRC4 and NLRP3), a member of the HIN200/AIM2-like receptor family (AIM2) and a member of TRIM family (Pyrin/TRIM20) (Fig. 1). The gene discussed is MEFV; the disease is bacterial infectious disease.